Joseph A. Sparano, MD, FACP, an internationally-recognized expert in the management of breast cancer and HIV-associated malignancies, is Chief of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology for the Mount Sinai Health System and Deputy Director of The Tisch Cancer Institute (TCI). He holds the Ezra M. Greenspan MD Professorship in Clinical Cancer Therapeutics. Dr. Sparano led a breakthrough clinical trial in breast cancer research, the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (Rx), known as TAILORx—the first and largest National Cancer Institute (NCI) precision medicine trial. It integrated the 21-gene expression assay (Recurrence Score [RS]) into clinical decision making for adjuvant therapy of early stage ER-positive, HER2 negative breast cancer. The trial led to changes in treatment guidelines from both the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network